Foreign bank lending has stopped growing since the global financial crisis. Changes in banks' business models, balance-sheet adjustments, as well as the tightening of banking regulations are potential drivers of this prolonged slowdown. The existing literature however suggests an opposite effect...

We examine the effects of too-big-to-fail reforms using ΔCoVaR and SRISK. These systemic risk measures suggest that i) the systemic risk contribution of global systemically important banks (G-SIBs) has declined to a larger extent than other banks following the reforms; and ii) the larger the...

This paper aims primarily to propose the framework for estimating the optimal levels of capital at banks with broad perspectives, elaborating factors such as liquidity and macroeconomic conditions. First, we attempt to reorganize the variety of policy proposals for enhancing financial sector...