The European economy is emerging from its deepest recession since the 1930s. This volume, which brings together economic analysis from the European Commission services, explains how swift policy response avoided a financial meltdown; but turning the ongoing recovery into sustained growth...

With very low unemployment, a large and stable current account surplus, low government debt and a budget in surplus, the Dutch economy was assessed initially to be relatively well prepared to weather the financial and economic crisis. This view was reinforced when the Dutch economy seemed to...

The causes and consequences of the financial crises in the Nordic countries in the early 1990s are examined and lessons from this episode are extracted. The focus is on the boom-bust episode in Finland, Norway and Sweden as these three economies went into a deep recession. The lessons from the...

This paper gives an account of the Swedish financial crisis covering the period 1985-2000, dealing with financial deregulation and the boom in the late 1980s, the bust and the financial crisis in the early 1990s, the recovery from the crisis and the bank resolution policy adopted during the...