Our study examines the effectiveness of worldwide banking regulations and government involvement in providing a balanced risk–reward trade-off to bank shareholders during both normal time periods and the periods of financial crisis. Ownership structure varies across world regions with...

In 2010, the Tokyo Stock Exchange, the largest stock exchange headquartered outside of the United States, introduced a new trading platform, Arrowhead. This platform was designed to reduce latency and increase co-located, high-frequency quoting and trading (HFQ) from zero to 36% of trading...

TThe 2015 bankruptcy of Doral Financial Corporation, once “the best” U.S. bank according to U.S. Banker, is the largest since April 2010. The bankruptcy concludes years of management manipulation and efforts to recover. SEC investigation revealed fraud related to Doral's valuation of...

We provide the first empirical evidence of a non-linear relationship between funding liquidity and market liquidity (FL-ML). The relationship depends on the state of business cycle, firm volatility, and the regulatory regime. Due to heightened funding constraints, equity trading costs increased...