In this paper, we set out to examine an efficient fiscal-policy framework for a monetary union. We illustrate that fiscal policy’s bias toward budget deficit only temporarily ceased at the end of the 20th century as European countries endeavored to qualify for euro-zone membership, which...

In this paper, we set out to examine an efficient fiscal-policy framework for a monetary union. We illustrate that fiscal policy’s bias toward budget deficit only temporarily ceased at the end of the 20th century as European countries endeavored to qualify for euro-zone membership, which...

This paper examines the effect of finance on long-term economic growth using Bayesian model averaging to address model uncertainty in cross-country growth regressions. The literature largely focuses on financial indicators that assess the financial depth of banks and stock markets. These...

The notes in this compilation assess the implications and risks stemming from persistent fragmentation of euro area financial markets for the transmission of monetary policy and discuss feasible policy options which may be effective in reducing this fragmentation. The papers prepared by the...

The notes in this compilation assess the implications and risks stemming from persistent fragmentation of euro area financial markets for the transmission of monetary policy and discuss feasible policy options which may be effective in reducing this fragmentation. The papers prepared by the...

This short paper shows that a New Keynesian model with limited asset market participation can generate a high risk-premium on unlevered equity relative to short-term risk-free bonds and high variability of equity returns driven by monetary policy shocks with zero persistence.