technology, have caused fundamental changes in the way that financial risk is created, transformed, transported and extinguished …-composition and measurement of new, standardized, basic elements of risk that we refer to as risk quanta is proposed. The approach is …

This paper analyzes the impact of US firms’ equity risk on bank lending standards and on the macroeconomy for two … groups: small and medium-large firms. The results indicate that a higher level of firm risk leads to a higher percentage of …-large firms. The finding provides support for the Risk Management Hypothesis, under which banks decrease lending to risky …