Estimations of the shadow economies for 145 countries, including developing, transition and highly developed OECD economies over 1999 to 2005 are presented. The average size of the shadow economy (as a percent of "official" GDP) in 2004/05 in 96 developing countries is 36.7%, in 25 transition...

Estimations of the shadow economies for 120 countries, including developing, Eastern Europe and Central Asian and high income OECD countries over 1999 to 2006 are presented. The average size of the shadow economy (as a percent of "official" GDP) in 2004/05 in 76 developing countries is 35.5%, in...

Shadow economy affects all country around the world. European countries are affected by undeclared work, under-reporting and tax evasion. This phenomenon increases from West to East, the most affected being the Balkan area. The size of shadow economy is growing due to government actions, such as...

Finance and insurance industry ("financial services") can play a key role in climate adaptation, by reducing and transferring risks. However, financial services are largely absent from developing countries with their highly vulnerable economies and livelihoods. The financial services sector...

This paper examines the causal relationship between financial development, economic growth and financial crisis in the five Asian emerging economies (India, Indonesia, South Korea, Malaysia and Thailand) during the period 1982 to 2007. All of these countries are known as emerging economies with...

The paper recounts the history of the finance-growth nexus research from its origins to the yearly 1990s. The contributions are analyzed in connection with the socioeconomic context and advances in economic theory. Many ideas first expressed decades ago are still subject to constant discussions...

The literature on the relationship between ESG disclosure and economic growth is relatively non-existent. Thus, this paper highlights the importance of taking this relationship into account in current sustainable policies. The main objective of extra-financial Disclosure is to mitigate...

We study the effect of board governance in state-owned and private banks by undertaking a study of commercial banks in India that has both bank groups. Covering a ten-year period from 2003 to 2012 that witnessed a large number of governance reforms in India, the results of our empirical analysis...

Islamic banking is a relative young industry, with a high rate of growth, which in the last years became a highly discussed subject, due to the challenges and opportunities that it brings. Due to the fact, that in the last decade, the Islamic banking made its presence in the European Union...