Wind energy is the second largest renewable energy source of electricity (RES-E) generation in the EU. Despite the strategic energy plans, such as the new feed-in tariff scheme and other formal rules, Finland’s installed wind power capacity (197 MW) and its share in the gross electricity...

The European Union plans to achieve fully liberalized internal electricity markets by 2014. Achieving this ambitious goal is strongly dependent on two factors: national energy policies and transmission networks. The current work focuses on the national policies of three EU states across three...

Electricity wholesale markets are undergoing rapid transformation due to the increasing share of distributed and variable renewable energy sources (vRES) penetrating the market. The increasing shares of stochastic wind generation bring along greater deviations between the real time power...

Purpose – Under the Kyoto protocol, emissions trading was imposed upon the Nordic Nord Pool Spot market in 2005. The purpose of this paper is to identify and characterize an important side‐effect of emissions trading on electricity spot market price behavior by statistically comparing price...

This article seeks empirical evidence of how the Finnish electricity distribution companies have responded to regulatory incentives in the rate of return regulation. The effects of regulation on company behaviour were studied by a questionnaire and interview survey. After more than ten years of...

Purpose – Knowledge‐based assets and organizational learning capabilities are recognized to be critical for firm's innovation activities. The process of creating new knowledge requires acquiring useful data and information, and utilizing it effectively in its internal innovation activities....

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the governance choices of firms operating in the electricity distribution network operation activities. The study aims to consider both costs and benefits of different governance choices and to examine which of the activities could be...