Wind energy is the second largest renewable energy source of electricity (RES-E) generation in the EU. Despite the strategic energy plans, such as the new feed-in tariff scheme and other formal rules, Finland’s installed wind power capacity (197 MW) and its share in the gross electricity...

The European Union plans to achieve fully liberalized internal electricity markets by 2014. Achieving this ambitious goal is strongly dependent on two factors: national energy policies and transmission networks. The current work focuses on the national policies of three EU states across three...

Electricity wholesale markets are undergoing rapid transformation due to the increasing share of distributed and variable renewable energy sources (vRES) penetrating the market. The increasing shares of stochastic wind generation bring along greater deviations between the real time power...