This paper examines whether the rank of Japanese firms’ (using 12,504 firm level dataset) productivity sorts the modes of their internationalization and how firms’ productivity affects their choice of export and FDI to destinations with similar income level. The empirical results...

Japan has experienced rapid growth of non-regular workers under globalization in the 2000s. This study seeks to identify the causal effects of exporting on the changes in the share of non-regular workers and the growth of worker-hours (employment times working-hours) in Japanese manufacturing...

Using Japanese firm-level data, I examine whether more productive multinational enterprises (MNEs) invest in a larger number of foreign regions in the manufacturing sector. I employ the Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) test to compare the overall distribution of productivity by multinational status. I...

Using Japanese firm-level data, I examine whether multinational enterprises (MNEs) are more productive than non-MNEs in the services sector. I employ the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test to compare the overall distribution of productivity by multinational status. The results indicate that MNEs tend...

The percentage of exporters and multinational enterprises (MNEs) varies substantially across industries. We extend the firm heterogeneity model presented in Helpman et al. (2004) to derive testable predictions about the prevalence of these internationalized modes. The model indicates that...