Evidence about the relation between earnings management and voluntary audits is scarce, and there is no research about the effectiveness of mandatory audits to improve earnings quality. Using a sample of Spanish SMEs, where some companies are mandatorily audited and some are exempt from audit,...

The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of the 2008 accounting reform on the economic and financial indicators which are commonly used in the financial analysis, as well as analyse whether there is an evolution on these measures as a consequence of a learning process or an adaptation to...