This article introduces a new financial metric for managerial performance evaluation, Value Added to Invested Capital (VAIC), with the cost of unlevered equity as a hurdle rate to calculate the capital charge rather than the widely accepted WACC. VAIC preserves all positive features of the...

Although we know there exists a simple approach to solve the circularity between value and the discount rate, known as the Adjusted Present Value proposed by Myers, 1974, it seems that practitioners still rely on the traditional Weighted Average Cost of Capital, WACC approach of weighting the...

Since the Modigliani and Miller 1958 seminal paper, there has been a problem posed by the fact that the discount rate to value cash flows depends on the value of thesecash flows. This gives raise to the circularity problem.In this paper we propose an analytical solution to this circularity...

Economic value added (EVA) is the performance metric bound to be biased by design. The measurement bias comes from contrasting NOPAT, which is a purely operating profit, with the capital charge on the money investors have put into the firm, which is calculated by applying the after tax WACC...

We derive and present the formula for optimal debt under the assumption that tax shields are discounted at the cost of levered equity, Ke and cash flows are on perpetuity. The formulation is consistent and is derived from basic financial principles. This formulation is valid for non-growing...

La versión española de este artículo se puede encontrar en: 'http://ssrn.com/abstract=2685207' http://ssrn.com/abstract=2685207.We discuss the relevance of personal taxes on Tax Shields. Interest and taxes are the basis for defining an optimal capital structure. When personal taxes are...

The Spanish version of this paper can be found at: "http://ssrn.com/abstract=1996731" http://ssrn.com/abstract=1996731 This teaching note is devoted to the definition and calculation of cash flows, namely, cash flow to debt, (CFD), cash flow to equity, (CFE), capital cash flow, (CCF), tax...

This is an annotated appendix that accompanies the paper. In this note, we provide detailed commentary on a numerical example that illustrates the ideas that we discuss in the main paper. The numerical example is in Table18.10, Chapter 8, page 656, of the third edition of Corporate Finance,...

In this note, we extend a numerical example in the textbook by Berk & DeMarzo that matches methods for only when K_TS is equal to K_D. We show that there is a generalized formulation for the return to levered equity K_E that works for any value of K_TS, the appropriate discount rate for the tax...

Principles of Cash Flow Valuation, published by Academic Press, Elsevier, in 2004, is the only book available that focuses exclusively on cash flow valuation, with a special emphasis on the Capital Cash Flow (CCF) approach.This text provides a comprehensive and practical, market-based framework...