We find that firms reporting internal control material weakness (ICW) under Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act have 13% lower valuation than non-ICW firms based on Tobin's q. This valuation difference is mainly driven by stock underperformance of more than 13% during the year before ICW...

We examine the valuation of ADR IPOs and find that they are valued similarly to U.S. domestic IPOs but significantly higher than U.S. seasoned firms. This higher valuation is not caused by differences in firm size, growth opportunity, profitability, listing exchange, diversification benefit,...

We propose reduced investment as a potential explanation for why firms with internal control weakness (ICW) exhibit lower valuation relative to non-ICW firms. We show that ICW firms significantly reduce investment around ICW disclosure and also have poor stock performance. Additional evidence...