The Bayh-Dole Act of 1980, key court decisions, and several breakthrough process technologies, paved the way for a period of remarkable growth in the patenting of life science research by U.S. universities in the 1980s and 1990s. Using a multiple-output cost framework and panel data on 96...

Strategic trade theory shows that government intervention in markets with small numbers of traders can boost the welfare of a country relative to free trade. This survey critically assesses the empirical evidence regarding this possibility. One finding is that while many international food and...

Market structure research has concentrated substantial analysis on the relationship of market structure and profitability (Bain 1957, Weiss, and Federal Trade Commission for example). these analyses have generally relied heavily on seller concentration as the major explanatory variable for...