Very recently we developed a dynamic network model for eco-systems that achieved “unification” of “micro” and “macro”-evolution. We now propose an extension of our model so as to stabilize the eco-system and describe speciation in a more realistic manner.

We propose a generic model of eco-systems, with a hierarchical food web structure. In our computer simulations, we let the eco-system evolve continuously for so long that we can monitor extinctions as well as speciations over geological time scales. Speciation leads not only to horizontal...