The modern vehicle insurance industry is increasingly adopting Pay-As-You-Drive (PAYD) insurance models, aligning premium costs with driving behavior. Our study introduces a Bayesian approach to PAYD insurance, leveraging the strengths of Naive Bayes classifiers and Bayesian Networks to handle...

We develop a dynamic model to simultaneously characterize the liquidity demand and supply in limit order book. The joint dynamics is modelled in a unified Vector Functional AutoRegressive (VFAR) framework. We derive a closed-form maximum likelihood estimator under sieves and establish asymptotic...