This study used the ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis), synchronous fluorescence, and excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy coupled with zeta potential and particle size to explore the DOM solutions properties with the addition of two kinds of coagulants, including aluminum chloride and...

For the lack of elicitability of expected shortfall (ES), many prediction models based on the joint loss function of ES and value-at-risk (VaR) have been proposed. However, these models typically assume that the ratio of ES to VaR is constant, which implies a static relationship between ES and...