An updated version of our Markov-switching model of U.S. real GDP clearly suggests the COVID-19 recession was more U shaped than L shaped. As with linear time series models, it is important to account for extreme outliers during the pandemic, but a simple decay function for volatility from...

We compare the out-of-sample predictive accuracy of a mixture of bond yield models with that of the individual models. The individual models considered here are the dynamic Nelson--Siegel model, arbitrage-free Nelson--Siegel model, and random-walk model. Out-of-sample forecasts for U.S. bond...