countries, this paper introduces three new indicators for measuring uncertainty in Turkey's export markets from the first … quarter of 1996 to the first quarter of 2020. The indicators measure uncertainty in Turkey's export destinations. After … introducing three indicators of uncertainty for export markets, we investigate their effects on economic growth. We find that all …

value of LNG exports from the US to Japan. Our analysis shows that when transportation costs are correctly treated as … endogenous, the LNG export benefit can drop by as much as 20-50% relative to the case of exogenous cost. …