have influenced the direction of innovation over the last four decades. Our findings suggest that the demography of …

product and process innovation among exporting firms and these innovations have a larger impact on productivity improvement in …

investment, Ireland scores high in international innovation scoreboards. Overall, policies to boost innovation and … jobs. While Ireland has made good progress towards building up its scientific capabilities, innovation capacity remains … effective, the innovation strategy should be simplified, with a drastic reduction in the number of government agencies involved …

their inward looking or exploitationʺ attitude in R&D and innovation. We argue that because of sunk costs and learning …. Among other things, this suggests that explorationʺ, which leads to the opening of new innovation trajectories, requires not …

The existence of a fundamental relationship between invention, innovation, and economic growth, as insisted upon by … and its shortcomings, focusing on implications for innovation policy of the emergence of the globally networked enterprise …

On behalf of the German Federal Government, the Commission of Experts for Research and Innovation presents its second … measures to further strengthen the innovation potential of Germany. In particular in the present economic diffi culties …, research and innovation policies have a central role to play. The challenges faced are varied and were already named in the EFI …

Research and innovation are extremely important for Germany. New insights are generated by research, and new ways of … and innovation, and where the country ranks in the international innovation contest. The Federal Government of Germany … therefore decided in 2006 to establish an independent Commission of Experts on Research and Innovation (EFI), with the remit to …