We analyze a simple oligopoly model where firms can engage in cost-reducing Ramp;D. We compare two Ramp;D regimes: Ramp;D competition and Ramp;D cooperation where firms can enter in a Research Joint Venture (RJV). We introduce coordination costs for the RJV and examine how these affect the...

We consider a setting where firms undertake emission-reducing R&D and the regulator, who sets the emission tax, is unable to commit credibly. Firms are subject to research spillovers in emission reduction. We examine two regimes with respect to the organization of R&D: independent R&D and an...