aiming at increasing the average retirement age, through increasing the required number of contribution years or through … on average retirement ages across wage quartiles. Our simulations show that increasing the required duration criterion … — as was done by the 1993 and 2003 reforms–have redistributive impact as regards retirement age, while increasing the …

.g., to pension and labor market reform. This paper sheds light on such reactions in three large Continental European … countries. France, Germany, and Italy have large pay-as-you-go pension systems and vulnerable labor markets. At the same time …, these countries show remarkable resistance against pension and labor market reform. Key issues taken up in this paper are …

We analyze the influence of health and financial incentives on the retirement behavior of older workers in France …, building upon Stock and Wise (1990) option value approach. The model accounts for three main retirement routes: the normal … retirement, disability insurance (DI) and unemployment/preretirement pathways, and is estimated with a combination of …

's unobserved heterogeneity. We conclude that the reform immediately reduced both spouses' retirement probability. The wife …'s retirement probability also drops by 1 to 4 percentage points if the husband is hit by the reform, and vice-versa. Instrumenting …Retirement policies are individually designed but the majority of people of retirement age live as couples. We estimate …