This study examines the main problem raised by pro forma earnings (or “street” earnings) because investors may have trouble focusing their attention when they are relying on this information to make decisions about investing in French publicly traded securities.This article, based on 116 pro...

This paper focuses on studying why some managers of listed companies decide to disclose their financial numbers later than others who opt to publish earlier. This research concentrates on both statutory annual financial disclosures in France: the earnings announcements date and the full...

When the source of external capital for Continental European firms is examined, debt markets have historically supplied a much larger percentage of the external capital than equity markets, and firms rely much more on bank debt than bonds for their external funds. In this environment banks have...