Due to financial market imperfections it is imperative to analyse the relationship between financial structure and the monetary policy transmission process in Europe to effectively design and implement European monetary policy. Focusing on the years 1980-1995 and providing empirical evidence for...

This study extends a thick modelling tool for aggregated euro area real private consumption of de Bondt et al. (2019) to the four largest euro area countries. The suite of error correction models performs well in and out of sample. The ranges and averages of estimated elasticities are, however,...

Timely and accurate signals about the current state of the economy are essential for analysts. The objective of the paper is to compare the accuracy of PMI-based nowcast of current quarter-on-quarter real GDP growth with that of the flash GDP estimateIn-sample regressions for 1998Q3-2011Q1...