The findings of an earlier study revealed that generally, even those women who were considered to be empowered, were actually constrained to exercise fertility control behaviour. It was hypothesised that socio-cultural influences are much too strong to yield any bearing on the decision-making...

The paper explores the elements that constitute women's autonomy in rural Pakistan. (...) Northern Punjabi women have lower economic autonomy but greater mobility and decision-making authority than women in Southern Punjab. Gender systems at the village are also important predictors of women's...