This study summarises the information provided by the Member States in their annual voluntary reports on their experience and progress concerning cooperation on fraud and error in the reference year 2016, as provided for in Decision H5 of the Administrative Commission for the Coordination of...

Persons are entitled to a partial pension from every Member State where they were insured for at least one year, provided that the conditions under national law are fulfilled. These pensions correspond to the insurance periods completed in each of the Member States concerned. The claimant should...

This summary presents the results of the collection of data on the number of Portable Documents A1 (PD A1) issued by the EU Member States and EFTA countries during reference year 2015. PD A1 is a formal statement on the applicable social security legislation. It proves, amongst others, that...

This summary presents the results of the data collection on the number of PDs A1 issued by the EU Member States and EFTA countries during reference year 2017. As will be shown below, these data provide more information on the size, the characteristics and the impact of intra-EU posting according...

The main principle of the EU rules on social security coordination is that persons are subject to the legislation of a single Member State only. If the person works, the legislation of the Member State where the economic activity is carried out applies ('lex loci laboris'). In some very specific...

In order to prove that a person is subject to a social security system a so-called 'Portable Document A1 (PD A1)' is issued by the Member State whose legislation remains applicable. This certificate concerns the social security legislation which applies to a person and confirms that this person...

The Portable Document A1 (PD A1) (previously the E101 certificate) establishes the presumption that the holder is affiliated to the social security system of the Member State which has issued the certificate and confirms that the person concerned has no obligations to pay social security...

Since its founding, the European Union (EU) has undergone several rounds of enlargement, expanding from the original six Member States to 27 today. This year marks the 20th anniversary of the European Union's fifth enlargement which took place in 2004. Two decades ago, citizens of ten Central...

This annual report presents updated insights into the labour mobility developments in EU and EFTA countries using data for 2022 and 2023. The analysis encompasses the mobility of all working-age EU citizens (aged 20-64). Chapter 1 delves into the movement and characteristics of the mobile...