This paper considers the issue of whether shocks to ten commodity prices (gold, silver, platinum, copper, aluminum, iron ore, lead, nickel, tin, and zinc) are persistent or transitory. We use two recently developed unit root tests, namely the Narayan and Popp (NP, 2010) test and the Liu and...

In this paper, we test the efficient market hypothesis for 100 US firms listed on the New York Stock Exchange. To test the unit root null hypothesis, we develop a generalized autoregressive heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model that not only caters for the GARCH errors but also allows for two...

In a search for more powerful unit root tests, some researchers have recently proposed accounting for the information contained in the GARCH of the innovations. However, while promising, tests with GARCH are difficult to implement, which has made them quite uncommon in the empirical literature....

In search for more efficient unit root tests in the presence of GARCH, some researchers have recently turned their attention to estimation by maximum likelihood. However, although theoretically appealing, the new test is difficult to implement, which has made it quite uncommon in the empirical...