This paper highlights the importance of having a cooperative quality investment (CQI) strategy and proposes a simple proportional investment sharing schedule in the outsourcing of a supply chain, which consists of a contract manufacturer (CM, the supplier) and two competitive original equipment...

Stock exchange operators compete for order flow by setting "make" fees for limit orders and "take" fees for market orders. When traders quote continuous prices, they can choose prices that perfectly neutralize any fee division, and traders stream to the exchange with the lowest total fee. The...