When a government agency considers tightening a standard on a pollutant, the agency often takes into account the proportion of firms that are able to meet the new standard (what we refer to as the industry's "voluntary adoption level"), because a higher proportion indicates a more feasible...

Proficiency in many sophisticated tasks is attained through experience-based learning, in other words, learning by doing. For example, transplant surgeons need to practice difficult surgeries to actually master the skills required. Meanwhile, such experienced-based learning may affect other...

We study supply chains where multiple suppliers sell to multiple retailers through a wholesale market. In practice, we often observe that both suppliers and retailers tend to influence the wholesale market price retailers pay to suppliers. However, existing models of supply chain competition do...