When members of one group encounter a norm violation committed by a member of another group, this antisocial behavior is often handled by picking a random member of the community to which the perpetrator belongs and by applying sanctions to him/her. Despite its prevalence, this kind of...

In the Dictator game, the standard tool for inquiring into altruistic behaviour in behavioural experiments, the roles of Dictator or Recipient are often randomly assigned. In such cases, the former starts the game with a positive endowment while the latter begins with zero. Altruistic behaviour...