We consider an e-tailer's upstream supplier who wants to encroach into retailing to earn additional revenue. The supplier needs to decide whether or not to enter the retail market by either selling to consumers on an e-tailer's platform by paying commission fees (agency encroachment) or opening...

We obtain optimal emission levels and abatement expenditures in a finite-horizon transboundary pollution game with emission trading between two regions. We show that emission trading has significant impact on the optimal strategies and profits of the two regions. We find that cooperation between...