A stream of research examining the effect of punishment on conformity indicates that punishment can backfire and lead to suboptimal social outcomes. In such studies, the enforcement of a behavioral rule to cooperate originates from a single party. This feature may raise concern about the...

We investigate how the intentionality of investors or trustees’ actions affects thirdparty compensation and punishment interventions after a trust game. Investorsand trustees are randomly assigned to conditions where they either makeintentional choices or their choices are made by a random...