An original equipment manufacturer (OEM) produces new products and often faces a dilemma when determining the level of interchangeability in its product design. The interchangeability is considered as a degree to which the product can be disassembled without force, and thus an increasing degree...

In this paper, we consider multiple manufacturers and a common retailer in a supply chain facing uncertain demand. Each manufacturer produces a different yet substitutable product sold through the common retailer, and a portion of the manufacturers sell their products through the direct channels...

In this paper, we consider a supply chain consisting of two manufacturers and a retailer. The first manufacturer is a traditional manufacturer that produces the new product, while the second manufacturer operates a reverse channel producing remanufactured products from used cores. Both...

This study investigates the pricing decisions in a non-cooperative supply chain that consists of two retailers and one common supplier. The retailers order from the common supplier and compete in the same market. We analyze six power structures that characterize exclusively horizontal...

In this paper, we consider a supply chain that consists of an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) producing new products and a remanufacturer recovering the used items. The OEM often faces a strategic dilemma when determining the degree of disassemblability of its product design, as high...