User fees have been promoted in low and middle income countries in response to scarce and inequitably distributed resources and are intended to generate revenue that can be used to improve health services. Experience indicates, however, that user fees are likely to result in deterioration of...

The extent to which removing user fees for health care in developing countries improves population health rests, in part, on how behavioural responses vary across individuals with different health needs. Using data from a randomised experiment of free care in Ghana and a measure of baseline...