Be it ‘excess reserves' that deposit money part of all entities at the central bank not used to satisfy statutory reserve requirements, plus all disposable cash held by the same institutions and not used to satisfy statutory reserve requirements either. Would this be rather common place,...

Money is all ‘everyday' money, Biblical issue and a pure concept to study. This is so that in its depth money is suspected in the literature to be a double controversial essence, i.e. (1) representative and (2) fiat, both of these rather philosophically and morally vulnerable. Thirdly, then...

This is continuing our previous approaches on money, as fiat, versus representative, but also looking either at a crisis that forces the future to be different than present and past, or at the former Fed's governor's (Alan Greenspan) reflections about the former gold standard that sounded at...