alternative price measures, related historical developments, and reasons why price discrimination is highly prevalent among … retail and mail order purchases, average percentage discounts off Average Whole Price paid by third party payers to pharmacy …

prices are much higher in the US. This fact has led policymakers to consider legislation for price controls. This paper … smaller price decreases in the US than price increases in reference countries. The magnitude of these effects depends on the …

Currently, most U.S. electricity consumers pay a constant price per kWh consumed that accounts for most of their bill … wholesale spot prices. Pure spot pricing is not popular; consumers (and politicians) value price predictability and bill …

We study and contrast pricing and price evolution of online only (Dotcom) and online branch of multi-channel retailers … their shipping costs that eventually drive the overall average price of Dotcoms higher than that of OBMCRs. Price … dispersions of both types of retailers are persistent. The price dispersion of OBMCRs is higher than that of Dotcoms at the …

digital goods and services in the consumer price index (CPI) basket. Then we discuss indirect channels related to automation … and cost reduction as well as competition and markup. We also review the rise of e-commerce and how it can affect price …

Sweden. I find interesting differences and similarities in the firms’ strategies in terms of how they responded to these …

of competition with every destination market is evaluated, proving price-driven competition with Canada, Sweden, the UK …-series properties and the choice of frequency affect the outcomes. In order to ensure validity of unit values as price proxies, the type … protect market shares in strategically important expanding destinations. Local currency price stabilization (LCPS) was found …

detailed dataset that links confidential, shipment-level data on the price of virtually all of the fuel delivered to coal- and … price of coal drops by 12% at deregulated plants relative to matched plants that were not subject to any regulatory change …, whereas there was no relative drop in the price of gas. Deregulated plants disproportionately switch to burning low …