Collaborative and distributed applications, such as dynamic coalitions and virtualized grid computing, often require integrating access control policies of collaborating parties. Such an integration must be able to support complex authorization specifications and the fine-grained integration...

Housing markets vary across growing cities and declining cities, which creates heterogeneous responses of housing prices to monetary policy. We classify urban growth and urban decline based on the population growth rates at the MSA level. Using the local projections method, we find that housing...