The globalization of production has given women opportunities for new areas of paid employment, to earn an income, be more independent, and have an active social life. However, employment is mostly informal that imply poor working conditions, lack of labour rights, and is in addition to...

Transformation of global sourcing over recent decades has significant implications for gender relations of production in the developing world. Analysis of global production networks and value chains (GPN/GVC) provides important insights into the changing dynamics of global sourcing and its...

Supermarkets and agri-food companies increasingly dominate the production and retailing of food across the global south and north. They operate through global value chains (GVC) within which trade is coordinated by consumer-focused lead firms. This is generating jobs and incomes for workers and...