This paper provides new causal evidence on the effects of gender congruence in the student-adviser relationship on three key student outcomes: (i) retention; (ii) grades; and (iii) post-graduation career outcomes. In so doing, we use unique administrative data from a selective liberal arts...

We document gender differences in reactions to failure in the National College Entrance Exam, an extremely high-stakes exam that solely determines college admission outcomes for almost all teenagers in China. Using unique administrative data in Ningxia Province and a regression-discontinuity...

This paper analyzes the impact of gender norms on women's occupancy in leadership positions, using data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) and an instrumental variables approach. We find that traditional gender norms hinder women from reaching leadership positions in their careers,...