The quality of modeling results in GIS operations depends on how well we can track error propagating from inputs to outputs. Monte Carlo simulation, moment design and Taylor series expansion have been employed to study error propagation over the years. Among them, first-order Taylor series...

This book lays a foundation on the conceptual, theoretical, system-development, and application perspectives of intelligent spatial decision support systems. Departing from conventional approaches that only concentrate on model-data integration, the author places emphasis on the artificial...