Over the last years, several reports highlighted the market power of very large online platforms that are gatekeeping intermediaries between businesses and consumers, and the difficulty for classic competition policy tools to deal effectively with anti-competitive practices in these platforms....

The proposed Digital Markets Act is an instrument complementing established EU and national competition laws. Its objective is to ensure a fair and competitive digital economy in the EU by regulating 'gatekeepers’ (large online platforms under certain criteria) more flexibly and timely. This...

Hard-and-fast rules can be counterproductive. While the EU Digital Markets Act is designed -- and required under EU law -- to be proportionate, the application of its individual obligations risks being disproportionate. To address that problem, the DMA should include an express proportionality...