[Introduction:] The evaluation of policy interventions is an essential tool for reviewing and optimizing policies, especially in the field of research and innovation (R&I) policy (BMWi 2013). Policy evaluations involve systematic analyses to assess the design, implementation, and impact of...

Using a new dataset encompassing more than 2,200 inventions made by Max Planck Society researchers from 1980 to 2004, we explore how licensee and technology characteristics affect the licensing and commercialization of technologies from public research. We find no evidence that spin-offs and...

We analyze the emergence and spatial evolution of the German laser systems industry. Regional knowledge in the related field of laser sources, as well as the presence of universities with physics or engineering departments, is conducive to the emergence of laser systems suppliers. The regional...