Using a new dataset encompassing more than 2,200 inventions made by Max Planck Society researchers from 1980 to 2004, we explore how licensee and technology characteristics affect the licensing and commercialization of technologies from public research. We find no evidence that spin-offs and...

Entry into an industry often clusters in regions where the industry is already concentrated, which is suggestive of agglomeration economies. Regional public research activities may exert another attracting force on entrants into science-based industries. Empirically these proximity effects are...

[Introduction:] The evaluation of policy interventions is an essential tool for reviewing and optimizing policies, especially in the field of research and innovation (R&I) policy (BMWi 2013). Policy evaluations involve systematic analyses to assess the design, implementation, and impact of...