In this paper an analysis of the determinants of attractiveness of the Formula One is attempted. Therefore the concept of competitive balance will be explained and applied. The principal item of this analysis will be the result that there is an optimal level of competitive balance which...

A common policy for reducing particulate matter concentrations in the European Union is the introduction of Low Emission Zones (LEZs), which may only be entered by vehicles meeting predefined emission standards. This paper examines the effectiveness of LEZs for reducing PM10 levels in urban...