We examine the impact of performance groups on the estimation of the relative importance of firm, industry and other effects on corporate performance. Performance groups comprise firms from the same industry with a similar performance over a longer period of time. We present a statistical method...

The second–generation GSM spectrum auction in Germany is probably the most clear cut example of a low price outcome in a simultaneous ascending-bid auction. The present paper gives an account of the events, describes the auction rules and market conditions, and provides a theoretical...