In dieser Studie wurde untersucht, welchen Einfluß die Veränderungen der Rahmenbedingungen für die industrielle Fertigung in den 1990-er Jahren auf die Struktur des verarbeitenden Gewerbes und die strategische Ausrichtung der Unternehmen hatten. Insbesondere sollten Wirkungsbeziehungen...

We examine the role of universities in knowledge production and industrial change using historical evidence. Political shocks led to a profound pro-science shift in German universities around 1800. To study the consequences, we construct novel microdata. We find that invention and manufacturing...

What are the origins and consequences of the state as a provider of public goods? We study legal reforms that established mass public education and increased state capacity in German cities during the 1500s. These fundamental changes in public goods provision occurred where ideological...