Influenza is a disease of public health importance due to the substantial seasonal morbidity and mortality and the high pandemic potential of its aetiologic agents, influenza viruses. Diagnosis of influenza is mainly based on laboratory testing (i.e. molecular testing) of nasopharyngeal samples....

The end of 2019 saw the emergence of a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome: coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As of December 2023, eight vaccines (Comirnaty, Spikevax, Vaxzevria, Jcovden Valneva, Nuvaxovid, VidPrevtyn, and Bimervax) have been...

This report presents pooled COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates for the first, second and third booster doses, against hospitalisation due to COVID-19 and COVID-19 related deaths in resident populations ≥50 years of age, living in the community, in six European countries: Belgium,...

The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, in order to fulfil its mandate under Decision No. 1082/2013/EU, seeks to identify both the strengths and the areas for improvement of public health emergency preparedness (PHEP) in the European Union Member States. With the eventual goal of...

The main objective of this protocol is to ensure standardisation of definitions, data collection and reporting procedures for hospitals participating in the national/regional surveillance of HAIs in ICUs across Europe, in order to contribute to the EU surveillance of HAIs, and to improve the...

Welcome to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) communication guide on childhood vaccination. It provides practical peer-reviewed advice and evidence-based guidance for healthcare providers who are involved with immunisation services i on ways to increase the uptake of...

Welcome to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) communication guide on childhood vaccination. It provides practical peer-reviewed advice and evidence-based guidance for healthcare providers who are involved with immunisation services i on ways to increase the uptake of...

ECDC has been working with EU Candidate Countries since 2006 and with EU Potential Candidate Countries since 2009 to prepare them for participation in ECDC activities. Work with these countries has been mainly financed by a Contribution Agreement between the Directorate-General for Neighbourhood...

The emergence and spread of highly-resistant bacteria, especially those resistant to 'last-line' antibiotics, such as carbapenems and colistin, is a grave public health concern and a threat to patient safety and economies in Europe and globally. When last-line antibiotics are no longer...

The emergence and spread of highly-resistant bacteria, especially those resistant to 'last-line' antibiotics, such as carbapenems and colistin, is a grave public health concern and a threat to patient safety and economies in Europe and globally. When last-line antibiotics are no longer...