private hospital capacity is vertically integrated, integration increases inpatient care spending by 6 percent and decreases … to high-quality non-integrated hospitals, resulting in plan networks that limit hospital competition. Whereas vertical … integration reduces double marginalization, skewed cost-sharing structures--and their effect on hospital competition--more than …

exclusive dealing, but hospital-insurer pairs can find it jointly profitable to apply downstream vertical restraints on third …

hospital data from Germany for the years 2005 to 2007. To account for non-random treatment assignment of PTCA, instrumental …

the lower the co-insurance rates paid by individuals. …