This paper assesses the income smoothing strategies and analyzes what motivates organizations to engage in smoothing their earnings. An ethical framework is drawn upon to evaluate the implications of these issues. It concludes with suggestions and implications for the policy makers, researchers...

Purpose: This paper aims to examine whether commercial banks manage earnings through their use of Level 3 valuation under The Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157 (FAS 157), Fair Value Measurements. To achieve this goal, we investigate the association between banks' performance...