This paper revisits the home market effect (HME) without any homogeneous good by reconstructing the footloose capital model. This simple model analytically reproduces some typical results scattered in the existing literature, and also provides new insights. Firstly, we derive both spatial...

Unemployment has become a focal topic of discussion in applied economics. In this paper, we provide an integrated overview of recent theoretical studies that link unemployment problems to spatial economics. We introduce four mechanisms commonly used to consider unemployment in this field:...

We investigate the issue of offshoring in a model of two countries and one sector of increasing returns to scale. Our model uncovers that in a setting of footloose capital, offshoring occurs and evolves in an inverted-U pattern when transport costs decline. This result can explain China's...