We study how state ownership affects the international expansion of emerging-market firms. Building on agency theory and the resource-based view, we propose an S-curve relationship: Firms with a low level of state ownership have a limited level of international expansion, those with a medium...

Purpose: This paper examines the multiplicity of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) standards, explaining its nature, dynamics, and implications for Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) and International Business (IB), especially in the context of CSR and global value chain (GVC)...

Though alliances and mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are both extensively used by companies seeking to achieve the benefits of greater size and scale, strategy research has rarely examined these two moves as alternative courses of action. Indeed, the size-performance relationship has long been a...